Suez Canal

The Suez Canal (Qanâ el Suweis), west of the Sinai Peninsula, forms a 163 km (101 mile) ship canal in Egypt between Port Said (Bűr Sa'îd) on the Mediterranean and Suez (Es Suweis) on the Red Sea.

The canal allowsto allow: zezwalać, dopuszczać, pozwalać water transport from Europe to Asia without circumnavigatingto circumnavigate: opływać, krążyć Africa. Before the construction of the canal, some transport was conductedto conduct: przeprowadzać, prowadzić by offloadingoffload: wyładowywać ships and carrying the goods overlandlądem, lądowy between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea.

The canal consists of two parts, north and south of the Great Bitter Lake.

Having obtainedto obtain: otrzymywać, osiągać, uzyskiwać a royal concession from Said on the evening 15 November 1854 (the formal paperwork arrived on 30 November 1854), it was built between 25 April 1859 and 1869 by a French company (Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez — Universal Company of the Suez Ship Canal) led by Ferdinand de Lesseps while the plan for the project was created by Alois Negrelli, an Austrian engineer, the canal was ownedto own: mieć, posiadać, być właścicielem by the Egyptian government and France. The first ship to pass through the canal did so on 17 February 1867 and it was inaugurated in an elaborateskomplikowany, złożony, drobiazgowy ceremony on 17 November 1869 (the proceedingsproceeding: przebieg, przeprowadzenie, zabranie sie do roboty had begun the day before); Giuseppe Verdi wrote the famous opera Aida for this ceremony. It is estimatedto estimate: szacować, oceniać, obliczać that 1.5 million Egyptians worked on the canal and that 125,000 died, many due toz powodu cholera.

The canal had an immediate and dramatic effect on world trade. It played an important role in increasing European penetrationprzenikanie, wnikanie, penetracja of Africa. External debts forced Isma'il Pasha to sell his country's shareczęść, udział in the canal to the United Kingdom, and British troopstroop: oddział wojska, szwadron moved in to protect it in 1882, controlling the country until 1952. The canal also allowed Europeans far easier accessdostęp, dojście, dojazd to East Africa and this area was soon carved upto carve up: kroić, dzielić na kawałki, parcelować by European powers.

The success of the canal encouraged the French to embark onto embark on: brać udział w, rozpoczynać building the Panama Canal, a task that they were unable to complete, however.

On 26 July 1956, the newly establishedzałożony, przyjęty, uznany republican government of Egypt under president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizedto nationalize: nacjonalizować, upaństwowiać the canal, which caused Britain, France and Israel to invade into invade in: wtargnąc, zaaktakować znienacka the week-long Suez War, also known as the Tripartite Invasion. As a result of the war, the canal was closed for several months. The United Nations declared the canal Egyptian propertywłasność.

After the Six Day War in 1967, the canal remained closed until June 5, 1975. A UN peacekeepingutrzymujący pokój, pokojowy forcesiła, moc has been stationed in the Sinai Peninsula since 1974.


The canal has no lockslock: śluza, lok because there is no sea level difference and no hills to climb. The canal allowsto allow: zezwalać, dopuszczać, pozwalać ships with up to 15 m (50 feet) of draughtzanurzenie, głebokość zanurzenia to pass, and improvements are planned to increase this to 22 m (72 feet) by 2010 to allow supertanker passageprzejście, przejazd, wejście. Presently supertankers can offload part of their loadładunek, ciężar onto a canal-ownedto own: mieć, posiadać, być właścicielem boat and reload at the other end of the canal. There is one shippingprzewozy morskie, żegluga handlowa laneszlak żeglugowy with several passing areas.

Some 15,000 ships pass through the canal each year, bearingto bear: przynosić, wytwarzać about 14% of world shippingprzewozy morskie, żegluga handlowa. The passageprzejście, przejazd, wejście takes between 11 and 16 hours.

Url źródłowy: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal

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