poniżej zamieszczam pracę o władcach Anglii: Edwardzie VI, lady Jane Grey i Krwaewj Mary. Treść jest raczej poprawna, ale nie jesem pewna co d gramtyki, więc bardzo proszę o sprawdzenie przynajmniej części testu (niestety jest dość długi) i naniesienie poprawek.
z góry wielkie dzięki za pomoc :*
Edward VI
Edward was born in 1537 in London. He was the only legitimate son of king Henry VIII . His mother, third Henry’s wife, Jane Seymour died twelve days after his birth.
Edward automatically became Duke of Cornwall upon his birth and a few days later he was called Prince of Wales. His initial care until the age of 6 was left to his nurse, Mother Jack. When he was 6 years old, his stepmother Queen Catherine Parr took over that function.
Edward was an extremely sickly child. He suffered from syphilis or from tuberculosis. His first illness, experienced at the age of 4, was a fever which lasted for months.
The young prince was a very bright child, already able to read and speak Greek and Latin at the age of seven. He later learned to speak French and Greek. He was quite fond of his stepmother Catherine Parr, and wrote three letters to her, one each in French, English and Latin. The rest of the letters he wrote were in Latin to his sisters. Edward also had strong feelings for his sister Mary, although he was protestant and she was catholic.
Henry VIII died on 28 January 1547, when Edward was only 9. Young became a king. His full name was (...). In his will, Henry VIII named sixteen executors, who were to act as a Council of Regency until Edward VI achieved majority at the age of eighteen. In fact, Edward’s uncle, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, ruled England in the name of his nephew as Lord Protector from 1547 to 1549. Edward VI acted in a largely only ceremonial role.
One of the Duke of Somerset's primary aims was to achieve a union between England and Scotland. In late 1547, an England took control of the Lowlands. Unfortunately for England, in 1548 Mary, the young Scottish Queen, maried the Dauphin Francis, thereby strengthening the alliance between France and Scotland.
Thomas Seymour, Edward’s brother, tired to overthrow Somerset’s rule, but the Duke discovered a conspiracy and Thomas was beheaded, unless he was Edward’s favourite uncle.
Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, was a very important influence on Edward's Protestant views. He wrote Book of Common Prayer. The Act of Uniformity established the Book of Common Prayer as the only legal form of worship.
The introduction of the Book of Common Prayer was disapproved of by most of England, especially in Cornwall.
The Duke of Somerset became extremely unpopular, even among his own Council. In October 1549 he was deposed and sent under arrest to the Tower of London by John Dudley, Earl of Warwick.
Dudley did not make himself Lord Protector, and even encouraged Edward VI into declaring his majority as soon as he was sixteen. The king didn’t deal with ruling. He preferered sports, his favourite ctivity was playing tennis.
First symptoms of illness appeared with winter 1552. Edward had tuberculosis and doctors weren’t able to help him. He died at Greenwich Palace on 6 July 1553, in the age of fifteen.
Jane Grey - "The Nine Days' Queen"
Before his death, king Edward had signed act, in which he gave power to his aunt – Mary. In fact, Jane Grey, mary’s daughter and dudley’s daughter-in-love became proclaimed Queen of England. Her coronation had place on 10th July 1553. Jane’s husband, dudley’s son, became only a duke, not a king.
9 days later jane’s rules were overthrown by mary, edward’s older sister. Jane was beheaded on the 12th February 1554.
Important fact about lady jane grey is that she had a reputation as one of the most learned women of her day. She was extremely well educated, knowing Latin, Greek and Hebrew as well as several modern languages. She was also beautiful.
Bloody Mary
Mary was born on 18th Februrary 1516. She was the 5th child of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, who achieved the majority, in contrast with her siblings. She inherited her name after the sister of the king.
Mary was a sickly child, she had poor eyesight and frequent headaches. Some scientists suspect her of having congenital syphilis. Henry VIII was very proud of his daughter and often boasted that “This girl never cries".
The princess learnt the Latin, Greek, physics and how to play the harpsichord.
When Mary was still a baby, Henry VIII was already looking for candidates for her husband-to-be, however all his projects quickly fell through.
When the marriage of Henry and Catherine was annuled, Mary was recognized as the illegitimate child, removed from the court and expelled from the inheritance to the throne. She also lost her royal titles and became lady Mary. She had to send her service away and became a lady-in-waiting of her stepsister; Elizabeth. She wasn’t allowed to meet her mother or participate in her funeral (Catherine died on 7th January 1536).
The situation for Maria improved after the birth of prince Edward. She became even his godmother In 1544 her right to the throne was reinstated in case of the heirless death of prince Edward.
Mary became the queen in 1558, after Edward’s death and overthrowing Jane’s Grey rule that lasted 9 days. At the beginning of her rule Mary already made efforts in order to restore the Catholic faith. She began also searches of the husband so that give birth to the child and prevent succeeding to the throne by her sister, who was Protestant. The queen married the prince of Austria and then Spanish king - Philip II Habsburg. The marriage with the Catholic was accepted badly in England and it triggered off frequent uprisings. Maria bloodily suppressed them.
Mary's contacts with her husband were a little bit limited, because he was often leaving England. The situation became worse after the queen had announced that she had been pregnant and it turned out that it had been a mistake. At that time Filip released Mary's sister, Elizabeth, from the house arrest - he prefered her to take over the throne after Mary. Another candidate for the throne was Mary Stuart - the Queen of Scots, who was critically turned towards Spain.
The king went to Spain and Mary still wanted to restore the Catholicism in England. At the begining archbishop of Canterbury - Thomas Canmer, support of the Remormation, was executed. Later persecution of Protestants grew stronger. Many Protestants were burnt at the stake.
In 1557 Philip II induced his wife to declare war on France. nakłonił żonę do wypowiedzenia wojny Francji. In result England lost its last lands on the continent.
In 1558 Mary announced again that she had been pregnant, but it turned out again that it had been a mistake. The queen probably suffered from cancer or hydropsy (puchlina wodna) and symptoms of illness were recognised as indications of pregnancy.
Mary died 17th November 1558. People started calling her "Bloody Mary" and Protestants treated her rule as the period of Catholic terror.
Mary’s funeral took place a month after her death. 45 years later Elizabeth I rested in the same grave and on the sarcophagus an inscription was carved: “Partners both in Throne and grave, here rest we two sisters, Elisabeth and Mary, in the hope of one resurrection”.