Witam, bardzo proszę o sprawdzenie parafrazy, niestety jest tu trochę błędów, w niektórych zdaniach wiem, że mam błędy ale nie wiem jak pozmieniać żeby było poprawnie, druga sprawa to czy dobrze powołałem się na źródła. Z góry bardzo dziękuję.
The main aim of the present paper is to show different types of motivation. McDonough (2007) points that motivation is useful when it comes to learning a foreign language. There are four simple aspects which according to the author motivation involves: why exactly people want to learn, our ambitions, what kind of person we are and our view of what is required of us. Learners are responsible for their own motivation method, therefore, one of the most important reasons why people learn a foreign language were concentrated on people who wish to be integrated with the rest of community.
According to Gardner (1985, after Steven McDonough, 2007:369) there is a difference between “integrative” and “instrumental” orientations, however, on a more general level of foreign language. We can point two major distinctions: “extrinsic” and “intrinsic” motivation (Deci and Ryan 1985), “which referred to the source of the influence, whether within oneself or perceived as being from the outside; and striving for success versus avoidance of failure” (Heckhausen 1991).
As reported by Crookes and Schmidt’s (1991, after Steven McDonough, 2007:370) the nature of children who learn second language can be adopted by other learners therefore, “new research agenda” focuses on individuals.
Weiner (1972, after Steven McDonough, 2007:370) conceived Attribution theory which claims that if success is related to having a good tutor, learners will not accept it if the vacancy of a tutor will attribute their failure to this fact; when failure is associated with insufficient amount of learning rather than capability, they will believe that hard work is the key to success.
Finally Dörnyei (2002:21, after Steven McDonough, 2007:370) observed that motivation can evolves in three aspects: choice, execution, and retrospection. A checklist of 35 motivational strategies is distinguished by Dörnyei. It covers the three phases for tutors to try out. It must be stated that the purpose of a good tutor is to become a good motivator rather than the perfect one.
Reference: McDonough, Steven 2007: Motivation in ELT. ELT Journal Volume 61/4, 369-370.