W ksiazce
"Practical English Usage" by
Michael Swan pisze:
cytat: "Participle clauses can also be used in similar ways to full adverbial clauses, expressing condition, reason, time relations, result etc. Adverbial participle clauses are usually rather formal.
Note that -ing clauses can be made with verbs like be, have, wish and know, which are not normally used in progressive tenses. In these cases, the participle clause usually expresses reason or cause.
Used economically, one tin will last for six weeks. (= If it is used...)
Having failed my medical exams, I took up teaching. (= As I had failed...)
Putting down my newspaper, I walked over to the window. (= After I had put down...)"
in "Grammar In Use" by
Raymond Murphy: "You can also use an -ing clause to explain something or to say why someone did something.
Feeling tired, I went to bed early. (= because I felt tired)
Having seen the film twice, I didn't want to go to the movies. (= because I had seen it twice)
These structures are used more in written than spoken English."
a wiec:
Her mother, having been an attentive person, spotted this at once. = Having been an attentive person, her mother spotted this at once. = because she was attentive
mother - subject
spotted - verb
having been an attentive person - clause