>1.He stood by (THE) window , watching birds - adverbial clause of purpose, suplementive clause ? Istnieją tutaj dwie inne informacje, a jedna informacja jest uzupełnieniem drugiej ? Podobnie jak w zdaniu She was silent watching birds.
But why purpose ? Non-finite supplementive juxtaposed participial (explanatory ) clause ?
>2. It was yestarday that John gave me a book - clefting, Adverbial focus on d O. Czy jest to poprawnie zapisane ?
The focus of this it-cleft is rather on the adverbial itself than on the DO.
( you mean the direct object ?)
>3.Crossing the street, I saw Tom - ing clause Adverbial ?
Fronted supplementive non-finite (or -ing) clause ?
>Mam jeszcze pytanie dotyczące cleft clauses:
>Czy zdanie - What I did was call him at once to what - cleft focus on Predicator czy bare infinitive ? >Może zapisanie jednego i drugiego nie jest błędem ?
Here the ”call” is indeed in thematic position and when this is the case in pseudo-clefts ( wh-clefts),the verb of the adjacent VP can either be bare or full, hence I would say “no” to ‘bare infinitive”( on the assumption that it can be called either way)
All the above is to be either improved or refuted by THE big Yoda grammar sizzle-chest.( said with a sympathetic tongue-in-cheek trace )