hold back – tłumaczenie phrasal verb

I know you're holding something back from me. Why don't you just tell me the truth?

I was very upset but managed to hold back the tears until they'd gone.

Are you sure you haven't held back some information that might be important to the investigation?

I'm certain that Douglas would have hit somebody if I hadn't held him back.

My dog is so big that it's difficult to hold him back when he sees a cat or a bird.

The police struggled to hold back the protesters as the minister's car passed by.